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Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon, duc de Mahon
Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon (22 February 1717 – 5 April 1796) was the 4th Duke of Crillon and 1st Duke of Mahon. He became a soldier at the age of 16 and served with distinction in the French army before transferring to the army of Spain, which was allied with France for much of the 18th century. By the end of his life he had risen to the highest military rank in Spain and it was said that he had served in 68 engagements.〔Wilkes, p. 360〕 His most famous achievement was the successful invasion of Minorca in 1781, in which he defeated a British garrison and returned the island to Spain, although his efforts the following year to recapture Gibraltar from the British were a notable failure.
==Early life and career==
Born in Avignon on 22 February 1717, Crillon was a member of a distinguished family that had originated in Chieri, Piedmont. His branch of the family had a long history of military service to the French crown. A descendant of the famous 16th-century general Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon ("the brave Crillon"), he was the son of the 3rd Duke of Crillon, François Félix de Berton des Balbes, and Marie-Thérèse de Fabry de Moncault. Louis was the first-born of the couple's six children (four boys and two girls).〔Saint-Allais, p. 258〕
Crillon joined the ''Régiment du Roi'' (King's Regiment) in 1734, aged 16, as a ''lieutenant en second'' and participated in France's Italian campaign during the War of the Polish Succession. He was soon promoted to ''lieutenant en premier'' and took part in a number of notable actions, including the Battle of San Pietro, under the command of the Marshal de Villars.〔Courcelles, p. 291〕 He remained with the regiment until 1738 when he was promoted to the rank of colonel in the ''Régiment de Bretagne'' (Regiment of Brittany).〔Courcelles, p. 292〕
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